A History of Modern Credit and Why It’s Important Today
A History of Modern Credit and Why It’s Important Today
You’re probably familiar with credit in your everyday life. Many Americans have credit cards, use them for everyday expenses, and (most) try to act responsibly to increase their credit scores. But where did it all come from? How did “credit” come about? And why is it such a prevalent part of our daily lives?
The History of the US Credit Industry from Railroads to Credit Scores
The railroad industry that initially connected America’s cities was funded almost entirely by government-backed bonds and high-interest private debt. It was the first industry that required billions in funding, made possible only though the pooling of money on a massive scale. This introductory phase of corporate finance saw corruption, scandal, and later, reform. Why is this piece of history important? Because this was the first time that debt became its own business in America. The railroad industry essentially collapsed due to the prioritization of debt payments over infrastructure and innovation. Many railroad companies went bankrupt, and the industry began to lose its luster.
Before credit scores were conceived, borrowers relied on testimony from friends and neighbors to vouch for their character and creditworthiness. But as credit reporting began to modernize, private firms began tinkering with ways to standardize the evaluation of credit. These early reports were subjective at best and often discriminatory, as they were influenced by the social biases that were held at the time. Eventually, private firms began to move toward impersonal, algorithmic forms of credit evaluations. Concerns over privacy and surveillance led to the Fair Credit Reporting Act in 1970, a landmark piece of legislation that required credit bureaus to open their files to the public. It also required the expungement of data on race, sexuality, and disability, as well as the deletion of negative information after a specified period of time.
In 1989, the “Big Three” credit reporting agencies (Equifax, TransUnion, and Experian) began to use a credit-reporting algorithm developed by FICO. This algorithm is basically the same algorithm used to generate your credit score today, which is a comprehensive assessment of your financial trustworthiness. Loans represent risk in the eyes of lenders, and a credit score functions as a financial identity, quantifying the likelihood that a particular borrower can – and will – pay back their loan. Credit history, paying off loans, late payments, declaring bankruptcy, and even simply applying for a loan can all affect your credit score.
The Fiduciary Responsibility
Understanding the origins of the credit industry can help contextualize many of our financial decisions and can help us appreciate how far our nation has come in terms of fair, responsible financing practices. Financial advisories like ours are bound to a fiduciary responsibility, meaning we’re legally obligated to act in your best interest. As a fiduciary, financial responsibility is the backbone of our business, and with March being credit awareness month, this is the perfect opportunity to demonstrate our commitment to that responsibility. And when it comes to credit management, we’re here to help you understand how credit works in your life and to empower you to make informed financial decisions.
When was the last time you assessed your financial situation or checked your credit score? If you’re interested in talking about financial practices that can help you manage your credit, reach out to us and we’ll take a tailored approach to guiding you through personal finance best practices. It can make a significant difference when it comes to interest rates and your monthly loan payments on life’s largest expenses.